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公司新聞
Ship emissions standards of the storm
Time:
2010/2/1
Climate warming is one of the most serious facing humanity today one of the challenges, control and mitigation of energy use in the emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in solving the problem of great significance to the greenhouse effect. International shipping industry the main component of greenhouse gas emissions are CO2, roughly equivalent to its total CO2 emissions in the world of 3%, and the figure will be as world trade activities and the increase in the amount of international shipping continues to grow.
From the ship to start to reduce the overall design of the ship design CO2 index, is basically to control greenhouse gas emissions from the ship one way. However, in Chinas current shipbuilding industry standards, and does not specifically address the requirements of the ship CO2 emission reduction, involving the relevant standards are relatively small. Standardization of the ship of greenhouse gas emissions need to be deepened.
IMO emission reduction speed of action
On greenhouse gas emissions, the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) agreed to take a two-step methods to discuss the issue of greenhouse gas emissions: the first step is to limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and related technical issues; the second step for policy issues, including the "equal application" or "common but differentiated principle" applies. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) at the MEPC 55th session of the proposed "to limit and reduce CO2 emissions from international shipping mechanism of the work plan" and its timetable. But with the increasing pressure on international environmental protection, IMO completed ahead of schedule "to reduce CO2 emissions from ships on international voyages mechanism for developing" work "CO2 Emissions Index mechanism" and "CO2 emissions from the base." IMO MEPC 57th session of the formal adoption of the MARPOL Annex Ⅵ on the reduction of harmful gas emissions from ships of amendments of rules. MARPOL Annex Ⅵ the rules on the prevention of air pollution from ships entered into force on May 2005, on behalf of the worlds merchant tonnage of 74.77% of the 49 countries have ratified the Annex. The 57th session of MEPC has set up a greenhouse gas emission control group, approved on the ship to accelerate greenhouse gas emissions research proposals, and in an additional one after the "CO2 Emissions Index mechanism" inter-sessional working group meeting. At the meeting, Denmark and Japan were submitted to the "new ship mandatory CO2 Design Index" and the "Ship of the actual operating state of loading capacity of CO2 emissions per unit of index development" as the topic of the report, and after the formation of a reservation of Denmark "design index values to define the main ship size and ship closely related" findings, while adding Japan "fully consider the actual conditions of ship emissions from the shipping index" new CO2 design index formula. Can be seen that effectively reduce or control of the ship of greenhouse gas emissions on the marine environment, the negative impact of IMO in the future will be a period of time in marine environmental protection an important work and issues.
Ship CO2 Design Index for almost certain
Ship CO2 Design Index is a feasible policy instruments to reduce greenhouse gases, it will technical design requirements and operational and market-oriented measures to separate. The establishment of ship design CO2 index is designed to make the energy efficiency of new ships to reach the benchmark requirements, and make the CO2 emissions from new ships to achieve minimized.
Danish Shipowners Association (DSA) used a sample of 212 boats to analyze and study the method of calculating CO2 index, the sample data are mostly ordinary cargo ships and container ships, for example, but for the study of whether differences exist between the different ship, the study also consideration of dry bulk cargo and liquid bulk cargo ship and so on. After studying, CO2 Design Index and fuel consumption rate, the host power, ship speed, and load the four parameters are related.
According to CO2 design index formula, by a large number of existing ship design parameters related to the collection and calculation, can find the same type of ships of different tonnage of CO2 design index, but also can be obtained by curve fitting to the baseline CO2 design index, Equation (different types of ships have different curve equation). In order to build environment-friendly ships, the new ship design CO2 index value should be lower than the base line at the same tonnage of CO2 corresponds to the design index value. If we require all new ships of the CO2 average below this benchmark, it can move down the baseline, and in accordance with the construction of the new standard ships (index comparisons is limited to the same kinds of types and load of ships). Of course, the baseline can also be carried out according to specific implementation requirements move up and down.
Should be explained that the index can reflect on the ships of greenhouse gas emissions, environmental performance, due to CO2 emissions from the ship the most important greenhouse gas, so consider only the issue of CO2 emissions. As the ship design CO2 index calculation formula is currently only depends on the ship design parameters, which means the index is only associated with the ship design, so the proposal of the concept, you can also effectively promote the efficient ship design and development.
In the MEPC 58th session, the introduction of new shipbuilding EEDI the new formula, as the baseline research. The formula for fuel consumption rate, the host power and load capacity were made to further refinement. The formula although not approved, but the meeting decided to conduct a further study.
Is difficult to meet the demand of existing standards
Practice shows that, CO2 design index values are closely related to the size and hull form, CO2 design index of the reference value depends on the different between the ship hull form design parameters such as deadweight and hull form. Index formula designed by the CO2 can be seen in fuel consumption and load under certain conditions, to improve the rapid nature of the ship can effectively reduce the CO2 design index. By optimizing the hull form design can host a certain power, effectively reducing the fuel consumption rate, and improve shipping speed and load. The reason is that good ship design can effectively reduce ship resistance, while the ship resistance and ship propulsion is the decision of the two parts of the ship quickly. In the ship, the main dimensions, hull form factor, bow stern end of the shape, cross-sectional area curve shape and fully loaded waterline shape of such factors as the weight of the ship structure, resistance properties, promoting the performance, space, and load capacity have a large degree, etc. impact. It was observed that ship design is a combination of factors to be considered a variety of issues, ship design should take into account the general layout, process, structure, stability, seakeeping, and navigation, and economic aspects of both, etc. and there are contradictions in requirements.
For the deck layout, from the perspective of increasing the use of space in the same host and under conditions to maximize the speed of the ship load. Denmark MEPC57 submitted to the technical report that: compared with lower fuel consumption rate, without increasing the case of the host power to improve speed, without reducing speed to a lower power for the host in the same host and speed of the increase under the condition of the ships load of CO2 design index has a significant effect on the decrease. Possession in the ship design, as far as possible to set the direction of flow line along the hull, along the flow direction should be streamlined profile, and to minimize the possession of the wet area.
In addition, the selection of energy-saving host, can effectively reduce fuel consumption; optimizing the main auxiliary, co-ordination between the shaft and the propeller can improve the transmission efficiency; fuel index exceeds the standards, it will cause deterioration of combustion and incomplete combustion, and equipment caused by varying degrees of damage, reducing the use of power plant efficiency; dirt at the end will increase the ship resistance, resulting in the propeller operating conditions change, resulting in decreased efficiency of the propeller, causing the speed decline; superstructure, the arrangement of long and narrow as far as possible to reduce the small navigation in the process of being air resistance; hull surface roughness on the friction significantly affected, for example: welding the ships resistance to the increase in roughness average of 1.27%, for riveting ship, this resistance increased an average of about 16%, its impact can not be ignored.
All these factors will involve a number of shipbuilding industry standards, including the overall ship structure, ship maintenance and repair, marine power plant and fuel and so on. From the domestic distribution of existing standards can be seen, the greenhouse gas emissions involved in shipping the technical content of the provisions in the standards is relatively small, there is no greenhouse gas emissions specifically the contents of the ship. Ship in general context, the overall layout and hull-type lines, there is no corresponding standard, the standard scale on the ship only "sub-section of the Yangtze River barge-type scale series" 6, and this number of standard pairs of other transport Ship no practical significance.
Standards for research and development should be strengthened
Ship to carry out studies of greenhouse gas emissions. Technical CO2 design index is not dependent on vessel operations and operational measures, but rather depends on the relevant ship design parameters, and can be expressed by the calculation formula. Under the current formula to be determined, CO2 design index and the ship speed, load, host power and fuel consumption rate of the four main parameters related to the improvement of these parameters will also enable further optimization of CO2 index. Ships to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide pollution from the above means that the many-pronged approach to in-depth changes. From the ship design concepts and technology, the ship CO2 emission reduction is necessary to fully consider how to optimize the hull form design and promote the design to reduce resistance, improve propulsive efficiency. At present, the vast majority of shipping companies on the degree of emission reduction is still not enough attention to the proposed domestic shipbuilding and machine-made enterprises should take positive action, carefully measuring their own ship, and a host of existing CO2 emissions, and actively optimize the hull form to improve ship energy efficiency.
Timely follow international developments. Should promptly follow the International Maritime Organization (IMO) a dynamic, highly concerned about the introduction of IMO, such as "mandatory CO2 Design Index for new ship" and the "new international standards for ship building energy efficiency index" and so on. Addition, we must fight for the proposal put forward in line with Chinas national conditions. If the IMO-related greenhouse gas emissions and Chinas emission reduction goals, through the IMO to develop Development Mechanism, can improve energy efficiency level of Chinas shipbuilding industry.
Concerned about the standardization of the demand reduction targets. Standardization work is for the actual reduction of the service, to make a real role of standardization work, it must in-depth scientific research, production, use first-line, full attention to the actual needs of standardized service object. The ship of greenhouse gas emissions standards must be consistent with the economic environment and the objective conditions, if the ship of greenhouse gas emissions standards too high, easily divorced from economic and technological environment, which are likely to form the implementation of standards is not easy to implement in the situation. This is because, research and design units of the main issues of concern to the ships technical nature, if they do not have the technical design of the advanced nature of the ship, will soon be out of the market; enterprises the main issues of concern to the ships economical and practical nature, a better economy can reduce a ship operating costs of enterprises so that enterprises in the market competition in a dominant position. It can be concluded from the above analysis, it is necessary to promote the standardization of the ship of greenhouse gas emissions, we need to scientifically identify the "security environment, technology, nature, economic practicality," the best combination of three points. Ship management department is required to formulate appropriate safety and environmental protection laws, strict law enforcement to create a fair competitive market environment, the ship put into operation the first condition that must be met is that the ships safety and environmental protection of, if this condition is not met, ship operators do not have the market The basic conditions. The pursuit of profit-maximizing enterprises to meet safety and environmental protection should be based on advanced technology to give full play to achieve. This can take full advantage of the market economy forces to promote the standardization of shipping the process of greenhouse gas emissions.
Strengthening the system of the revision of relevant standards. Community environmental protection have become increasingly demanding, it is an irreversible trend. With the social and economic development, advances in ship technology, the market environment changes, the design of the ship will be new requirements. Greenhouse gas emissions for the ship, the proposed combination of the relevant IMO requirements, to further strengthen and greenhouse gas emissions related to the standardization of research and standard-revision work and increasing the CO2 design index of technical indicators constraints.
